As Gyeongju prepares to welcome world leaders for the 2025 APEC Economic Leaders Meeting from October 31 to November 1, the ancient capital of the Silla Kingdom is showcasing one of Korea's most treasured archaeological discoveries. A small roof tile featuring a serene human face, known as the "Smile of Silla," has been selected as the official emblem for the prestigious international gathering, representing Korea's message of warmth, harmony, and enduring spirit to leaders from across the Asia-Pacific region.

The remarkable artifact, called a sumaksae or roof-end tile, measures just 11.5 centimeters in diameter but carries extraordinary cultural and emotional significance. Discovered in the early 20th century at the former site of Yeongmyo Temple, this handcrafted piece dates back to the Silla Kingdom era, which lasted from 57 BCE to 935 CE. Unlike most roof-end tiles from that period, which were mass-produced using molds, this particular tile was carefully sculpted by hand, demonstrating exceptional craftsmanship and artistic skill.

The tile's most captivating feature is its gentle human face, complete with two eyes, a well-defined nose, and a notably calm, almost shy smile that has earned it the nickname "millennium smile." This expression captures what many believe to be the long-lasting spirit of the Silla civilization. The artifact's charm is enhanced by its imperfections – fractures and missing portions from the upper and lower right edges add an element of mystery and authenticity that resonates deeply with viewers.

For countless Koreans, this incomplete yet peaceful smile evokes feelings of inner tranquility, ancient wisdom, and universal goodwill that transcends the boundaries of time. The tile's serene expression has made it one of Korea's most beloved historical images, frequently appearing in educational textbooks and cultural materials. In recognition of its immense cultural importance and symbolic value, the Korean government officially designated the artifact as a National Treasure in 2018.

In ancient Silla architecture, roof-end tiles like this one served both practical and spiritual purposes beyond mere decoration. While they functioned structurally to cap off the ends of traditional roofs, they were also believed to possess protective powers. Historical records suggest that these decorated tiles were thought to ward off evil spirits and bad luck, acting as spiritual guardians for the buildings and their inhabitants.

For the 2025 APEC summit, organizers have reinterpreted this ancient tile as a powerful symbol of both protection and international harmony. The peaceful face represents a unified spirit that guards the Asia-Pacific region against instability while actively encouraging diplomatic cooperation and mutual understanding among member nations. The tile's message of enduring peace aligns perfectly with APEC's mission of fostering economic collaboration and regional stability.

The official APEC logo creatively incorporates the tile's image as part of an elegant butterfly motif, which adds layers of symbolic meaning to the design. The butterfly represents transformation, new journeys, and positive change – concepts that complement the ancient tile's message of lasting harmony and peaceful coexistence. Together, these two powerful symbols embody the collective hope that APEC member economies will strengthen their connections, drive innovation, and achieve shared prosperity as they work collaboratively toward a sustainable and prosperous future.

Visitors to Gyeongju, particularly those attending the various APEC events and meetings, will have the unique opportunity to view this famous tile in person. The original artifact is proudly displayed as one of the most prized exhibits at the Gyeongju National Museum, where it continues to inspire visitors with its timeless message of peace and its testament to the artistic achievements of ancient Korean civilization.